THE ALTEK POST
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DOUBLE JEOPARDY
Saturday, 29 October 2016
Friday, 28 October 2016
Thursday, 27 October 2016
SCIENCE AND TECH CLIPS
Wednesday, 26 October 2016
Possible Effect of Genetic Engineering.
Genetic engineering, DNA researches and their application has created a suitable platform for diving in the human race. Recent successes specifically DNA researches which include the rebranding of our crops making them suitable and more sufficient for human consumption; creation of a very important hormone which happens to be a glucose regulator (insulin) within genetically remodeled cells for their effective growth and energy use(insulin production is genetically engineered via DNA modification in bacteria and it function by acting like a key allowing cells to utilize glucose), and lastly the sequential arrangement in one favourable order of the complete set of genes in a living organism, has surely made living quite easier and more comfortable
You need to imagine the massive advancement in making living easier, if the complete set of genes in a living organism can be falsified and designed personally to suit the desire of oneself. Of course, living would be made easier and more comfortable even though genetic advancement comes with some risks. (Repeated use of the word easier and more comfortable, I will prefer another synonym than falsify)
The fabrication of all human DNA present in human chromosome otherwise known as the Human germline modification or editing, in my view has more benefits. To mention some reasons why I think so, gene modification holds great promise for treating and even curing a variety of genetic diseases, for example, sickle cell, taysachs, etc. by a simple slice and replace in DNA specific sections of DNA which allows Scientist to make very precise changes like the copy and paste feature in a word processing software. It will be possible to repair a defective gene in a sperm or egg cell, or in an embryo in order to avoid significant sufferings and premature death. As technological innovations improve these gene editing tools which are presently refined in laboratories around the world today. It would lead to easier, cheaper and more accurate insertion and deletion of gene than ever before, as it promotes Scientific research.( the more the advancement in medical technology the higher the cost of services)
Parents will have the ability to choose the traits of their offspring thereby deliberately designing them to be better in almost all aspects. This knowledge will also allow for reproduction, that is, creating genetically modified people and so on. These benefits hold a great future for us, if its risks are not properly addressed it will instead widen and exacerbate existing gaps in health and welfare rather than close them. This knowledge among others promises the treatment for a variety of genetic diseases, then by definition editing of these genes simply changes the gene embryo produced within vitro-fertilization not of an already diagnosed patient : During this process, it is possible that new diseases e.g. cancer could inadvertently be introduced into the human gene pool which can be passed down to future generations due to off-target effects which influence the function of the many genes leading to long changes in the genome but I feel, if this is done in a single sperm or egg cell at embryo level it could lower the risks of mutations by a million–fold and possibly greatly improve both the safety and effectiveness of the procedure. I know one may say, what of a case whereby unwanted edits(off-target) eventually occur.
Gang Bao (PhD in bio-engineering) in one of his articles thought of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technique as a Nano scissors. He said putting some of these Nano scissors into a cell and they will make cuts near the gene defects you want alter but the risks here are that, the Nano scissors can also cut other genes in somewhat unpredictable fashion. This could change the function of a gene keeping a cell from becoming cancerous or cause other diseases. This is really true but what if we could study the cell and trace outlines which the Nano scissors will follow and cut according to these thereby, not cutting other genes in an unpredictable way? Since these Nano scissors will cut according to these traced lines, the gene segment to be edited can easily be replaced.
Secondly in an attempt to possibly repair a defective gene in a sperm or egg or an embryo that’s just a few days, this may inadvertently result in miscarriage maternal injuries and still-births. Some also fear having babies that may seem healthy at birth but later in life may develop serious health problems due to purported enhancement causing parents great loss,
However, it is yet easier and safer to perform such operation at embryonic level, though, this may mean a fifty-fifty chance; that means, it is either successful or not, just as that of a Siamese twins. So parents who decide should be fully aware or this. Anyway, it is always asserted “No guts no glory” so it should still be given a try. Regular checkups should be carried out within intervals of at most a week or so. In an instance whereby an abnormality is observed, an operation can quickly be carried out to correct the problem, in order to prevent the child growing up only to develop health problems. Though at this present time such experiments should be done on animals with similar problems and closely related species with man and I believe with determination something can be done. After all, he who wills the end wills the means.
Thirdly, these tools can fail and when they do, many fear that it will cause a great problem especially when a gene is currently being edited. We all know very well that no can be 100% perfect, since by simply heating up, it loses energy. If we take a look at the present civilized world today, the cars, phones, airplanes and the lightbulbs we use among others, wouldn’t have been available today if scientists of blessed memory only cared about the fact that it could fail rather than being consistent. Gardens are not made in one day or by sitting in the shade. Technological Application should give hope for a better tomorrow, not just as avenues for people to wish for its failure. Besides, these tools are now refined in laboratories around the world. I would like to suggest that countries can come into agreement to partake in healthy competitions on topics such as “the design and manufacture of the best gene editing tool” with a grand award and I bet, no country would like to come last.
Fourthly, for parents who would like to choose the traits of their offspring, this is certainly a breakthrough. Perhaps the only risks if considered one at all,
lies in the fact that parents would have a great deal more control over their off-springs by preselecting their traits to suit their preferences. Arguably, Children would become more commodities than precious gifts and since it is impossible to perfectly satisfy the desires of a man heart, the child may grow up not looking exactly as the parents had pictured him/her to be. All these could lead to inequality and injustice since only the rich could afford such facilities.
In order to manage or minimize, care of these risks, I feel parents who believe it is necessary to choose the character traits of their offspring should have a cogent reason. Not just because they feel like or have the resources for doing so but perhaps for reasons such as they want they want their child to be blonde because for years no offspring has had it and they both want him/her unique.
Lastly, this knowledge which could possibly allow for the creation of genetically modified people could lead to unsafe human experimentation, distort family and other relationships. It could lead to inequality and biological discrimination as humans will now be as biological perfectible artifacts. We can thus affirm that Scientific inquiry and its contributions to human wellbeing yet understand that, not that can be done, should be done. As a universe we have to understand clearly the reason for our actions before we decide to undergo them. Besides, at this present time we ought to learn to walk before we decide to run. The benefits certainly outweigh the risks but as the old adage affirms “all the glitters is not gold”, though the glittery part holds promising benefits, nevertheless the other side which are the risks if not carefully managed it could outweigh the benefits leading to unimaginable dangers, thus the word for these ventures is cautions and moderation for all purpose in all the facts of human endeavors